Callendar and Barne's Apparatus (Continuous Flow)
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Product Code : EL-H-10402
Quick answer: The Callendar and Barnes Apparatus finds the specific heat capacity of a liquid by the continuous-flow method. Liquid flows steadily through a borosilicate glass tube past a spirally wound nichrome coil about 40 cm long, and the electrical power and temperature rise are measured. Lab Exports manufactures it in Delhi for colleges and universities.
Specifications
| Item | Specification |
|---|---|
| Flow tube | Borosilicate glass, open at both ends |
| Heating element | Nichrome wire coil, approx. 40 cm long, wound spirally along the tube axis; detachable |
| Housing | Felt-lined wooden case with hinged cover |
| Included | Brass level tank on stand |
| Assembly | Leak-proof when fully assembled |
| Supplied | Without thermometers or meters |
How the continuous-flow experiment is done
In the continuous-flow method, liquid enters the tube at a steady rate, is heated by the coil and leaves at a higher, steady temperature. Once conditions settle, the electrical power supplied equals the heat carried away by the liquid plus a small, constant loss: V I = m c (T2 - T1) + h, where m is the mass flowing per second. Because the glass tube and coil stay at constant temperature, their heat capacity does not enter the calculation.
- Fill the level tank and connect it to the inlet of the glass tube so the liquid flows through at a steady rate.
- Place thermometers at the inlet and outlet ends and connect the heating coil to a DC supply with an ammeter and voltmeter.
- Switch on and wait until the outlet temperature is steady; record V, I, T1 and T2.
- Collect and weigh the liquid flowing out in a timed interval to find the flow rate m.
- Change the current and the flow rate together so that T2 - T1 stays the same, take a second set of readings, and eliminate h.
With the temperature rise kept equal in both runs, c = (V1 I1 - V2 I2) / ((m1 - m2)(T2 - T1)). The method needs no calorimeter correction and is the standard way to find the specific heat of water in degree-level practicals.
Key features
- Borosilicate glass flow tube, open at both ends
- Nichrome heating coil about 40 cm long, wound spirally along the tube axis
- Heating element detachable for maintenance or replacement
- Felt-lined wooden case with hinged cover to limit heat loss
- Supplied with a brass level tank on stand for steady flow; leak-proof when assembled
Documentation and supply
Installation instructions and a manual are supplied with the apparatus. Most Lab Exports products carry a one-year manufacturer warranty.
Lab Exports manufactures the Callendar and Barnes apparatus at its works in Laxmi Nagar, Delhi, and supplies it to colleges and universities in India and 60+ countries, handling the export documents for each shipment. More about the company is on the About Lab Exports page.
Related Heat products
- Joule's Calorimeter (EL-H-10401)
- Constant Level Tank (EL-H-10403)
- Lee's and Charlton's Apparatus (EL-H-10400)
- Joule's Mechanical Heat Experiment Apparatus (EL-H-10404)
- Searle's Thermal Conductivity Apparatus (EL-H-10399)
- Clement and Desormes Apparatus (EL-H-10405)
The full range is in the Heat section of the Physics Lab range.
Frequently asked questions
What does the Callendar and Barnes apparatus measure?
The specific heat capacity of a liquid, usually water, by the continuous-flow method.
Are thermometers and meters included?
No. The apparatus is supplied without thermometers, ammeter or voltmeter. The brass level tank on stand is included.
Why is the continuous-flow method accurate?
The apparatus works in a steady state, so the heat capacity of the tube and coil drops out, and heat loss is removed by taking two readings at different flow rates.
What is the price of the Callendar and Barnes apparatus?
Prices are not published on the website. Add the Callendar and Barnes apparatus to the Enquiry Cart with the Add To Cart button on this page, or email [email protected] with the house code EL-H-10402 and the quantity, to receive a quotation.
Does Lab Exports manufacture the Callendar and Barnes apparatus?
Yes. Lab Exports manufactures the Callendar and Barnes apparatus at its works at 11/315, Lalita Park, Laxmi Nagar, Delhi 110092, under house code EL-H-10402.
Request a quote
Email [email protected] with the house code EL-H-10402 and the quantity, or add the Callendar and Barnes apparatus to the Enquiry Cart with the Add To Cart button on this page. Tender buyers can also see the Tenders and OEM page.
